Countries

Colombia

The world's largest producer of emeralds, and the only South American country with coastlines on both the Pacific and the Caribbean. Cartagena's walled colonial old town, ringed by 16th-century Spanish fortifications, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

A colonial watchtower on the city walls of Cartagena, Colombia, at sunset

City walls of Cartagena

Photo: Igvir Ramirez, CC BY-SA 2.0

Yellow for the gold and abundance of the land, blue for the seas on both coasts, red for the blood shed for independence. Adopted in its current proportions in 1861.

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